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Some species of German Cockroaches are in close association with human dwellings and widely found around garbage or in the kitchen. Cockroaches, like all insects, breathe trough a system of tubes called tracheae. The tracheae of insects are attached to the spiracles, excluding the head. Thus all insects, including cockroaches, can breathe without a head. Insects do not have lungs and thus do not actively breathe in the vertebrate lung manner. However, in some very large insects the diffusion process may not be sufficient to provide oxygen at the necessary rate and body musculature may contact rhythmically to forcibly move air out and in the spiracles and one can actually call this breathing. Cockroaches can survive sterile surgical decapitation for a very long period, especially if recently fed, but of course become unable to feed and die within a few weeks. Female cockroaches are sometimes seen carrying egg cases on the end of their abdomen; the egg case of the German cockroach holds about 30-40 thin eggs, packed like frankfurters in the case called an ootheca. The eggs hatch from the combined pressure of the hatchling gulping air and are initially bright white nymphs that continue inflating themselves with air and harden and darken within about four hours. Their transient white stage while hatching and later while molting has led to many individuals to claim to have seen albino cockroaches. A female German cockroach carries an egg capsule containing around 40 eggs. She drops the capsule prior to hatching. Development from eggs to adults takes 3-4 months. Cockroaches live up to a year. The female may produce up to eight egg cases in a lifetime; in favorable conditions, it can produce 300-400 offspring. Other species of cockroach, however, can produce an extremely high number of eggs in a lifetime, but only needs to be impregnated once to be able to lay eggs for the rest of its life. Cockroaches are mainly nocturnal and will run away when exposed to light. A peculiar exception is the Oriental cockroach, which is attracted to light are among the hardiest insects on the planet, some species capable of remaining active for a month without food, or being able to survive on limited resources like the glue from back of postage stamps. Some can go without air for 45 minutes or slow down their heart rate.
GERMAN COCKROACH
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